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汉语拼音：xì jūn

原核生物的一大类，形状有球形、杆形、螺旋形、弧形、线形等，一般都用分裂繁殖。自然界中分布很广，对自然界物质循环起着重大作用。有的细菌对人类有利；有的细菌能使人类、牲畜等发生疾病。

1. 体积极微小的单细胞生物。大小约一至数微米，必须用显微镜才能看见。形状有球形、杆形、螺旋形、弧形、线形等多种。一般都是分裂繁殖。遍布于土壤、水、空气、有机物质与生物体内外，对自然界物质循环起着重大作用。有的细菌能分解大量的有机物质，可用于发酵工业，生产食品、化学品、医药和农业肥料。但有的细菌能使人类、牲畜等发生疾病。

• For one, childrens exposure to bacteria is often significantly higher than that of adults, especially children in daycare or preschool.

  其中一个原因就是孩子接触到得细菌通常明显高于成人，尤其是孩子在托儿所或者学前班的时候。

• "In the absence of these bacteria, the immune system is thought to become more prone to allergic disease, " he said.

  “如果没有这些细菌存在，免疫系统变得更容易出现过敏性疾病，”他说。

• There's no doubt that bacteria like MRSA -- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus -- can wreak havoc on a healthcare facility.

  毫无疑问，像MRSA（耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌）这样学细菌可以对医疗机构进行报复性的破坏。

• RESULTS: Normal rats had just a few bacterial CGC, but a great number of bacterial CGC were detected in model rats.

  结果：正常大鼠检测未见大量细菌CGC，在模型鼠标本的连续检测结果中检出大量CGC。

• The reason is: At this point oral bacteria began to break down food residues in the acidic substances, corrosive enamel dissolution.

  理由是：此时口腔细菌开始分解的酸性物质的食物残渣，腐蚀性搪瓷解散。

• They did some tests. "You do get a whopping lot of DNA out of saliva, but much of it turns out to be bacteria, " he recalls.

  他们做了些测试。“你确实从唾液中获取了很多DNA，但很多都是细菌。”他回忆道。

• Yes, antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a threat, as this week's news of an outbreak among premature infants in London reminds us.

  不错，单单从本周伦敦大批婴儿早产的事件中就可以看出，这种可以抵抗抗生素的细菌对人类是一种重大威胁。

• The researchers then tested how well such a technique could distinguish the person who left the bacteria from the general population.

  研究者随后测试了这一技术从一般人群中辨别出某个人留下的细菌的准确性。

• But another expert said he was concerned that using this test alone could cause some cases of bacterial meningitis to be missed.

  但是另一个专家说，他所关心的是，单独应用这项实验将会导致对细菌性脑膜炎的忽视。