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汉语拼音：shèn shàng xiàn

一种内分泌腺。在人体，分别位于左、右肾的上端，左侧为半月形，右侧为三角形，与肾共同包裹在肾筋膜内。分为皮质和髓质两部分。皮质产生的肾上腺皮质激素，与糖、蛋白质、钠、钾的代谢有关。髓质产生的肾上腺和去甲肾上腺素，有使心肌收缩力加强、心率加速、血压增高和血糖升高等作用。

肾上腺 [shèn shàng xiàn]

1. 一种内分泌腺体，位于肾脏上端，故称为「肾上腺」。可分为皮质及髓质两部分，皮质呈淡黄色，分泌葡萄糖皮质素、矿物性皮质素；髓质呈红褐色，分泌肾上腺素、正肾上腺素。为身体应付紧急情况及调节盐分、蛋白质、醣类等重要腺体之一。

• Well, we are beginning to see that cortisol may play a role.

  因为我们开始发现肾上腺皮质分泌的皮质醇起着一定作用。

• Adrenal cyst is a rare disease entity, especially that of sufficient size to be detected clinically.

  肾上腺囊肿是一种少见的疾病，尤其是大到引起临床症状而被发现者更是少数。

• The hormone is called DHEAS-or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate-a natural steroid produced by the brain, adrenal glands and sexual organs.

  这种激素被称为脱氢表雄酮硫酸盐，或简称“DHEAS”，是大脑、肾上腺和性器官产生的一种天然类固醇物质。

• The cancer's reach was extensive: It had spread to Saoirse's adrenal glands, bone marrow, ears and throughout her tiny body.

  这种癌症在身体中扩散的范围很广：它已扩散到了西尔莎•罗南的肾上腺、骨髓、耳朵，她小小的身体倒处都是。

• Although adrenal tumors have been observed in several familial syndromes, the majority of these lesions occur sporadically.

  尽管有这些分子学进展和工具，肾上腺肿瘤的发生机制仍然存在很多未知数。

• Many have low blood pressure as the result of overtaxing of your adrenal system and need salt.

  许多低血压是肾上腺系统负担过重与缺盐所致。

• The adrenaline of that June night gave him an edge, but it didn't turn him into the Incredible Hulk.

  6月的那个夜晚，肾上腺激素让他达到了极限，但并没有把他变成“绿巨人”。

• Adrenal gland cancers (adrenal cortical cancer) are rare tumors that are usually very large at the time of diagnosis.

  肾上腺癌（肾上腺皮质癌）是一种罕见的癌症，一般诊断出患有肾上腺癌的时候肿瘤的体积已经很大。

• A case of a 49-year-old man suffering from bilateral adrenocortical carcinoma with local and secondary rapid progression is reported.

  一位49岁的男子患有双边肾上腺皮质癌与地方和中学迅速报告。